Non-Consensus TAM Views Drive Growth Investing Outperformance
TL;DR
- Non-consensus views on Total Addressable Market (TAM) provide investment edge, enabling companies to grow faster and longer than expected by challenging prevailing market size definitions.
- Exceptional business models are table stakes in growth investing; true outsized returns stem from non-consensus TAM views, not just strong unit economics or business model quality.
- "Pull" products, where the market organically demands the offering, are preferred over "push" products, indicating sustainable organic growth and a strong brand-building foundation.
- "Glengarry Glen Ross" market structures, where a single leader captures most market cap, are sought, as these dynamics offer clearer paths to significant returns even without network effects.
- Long-term thinking (5-7 years) is crucial for growth investing, allowing for flexibility on valuation entry points and accommodating potential delays in achieving target returns.
- Single-trigger decision-making by a GP fosters ultimate conviction, leading to more intellectually honest discussions and preventing the dilution of conviction often seen in committee-based models.
- Fear of failure and intense competitiveness drive harder work and deeper diligence, channeling anxieties into continuous learning and strategic refinement rather than paralysis.
Deep Dive
Growth investing at Andreessen Horowitz hinges on a non-consensus view of Total Addressable Market (TAM) and founder conviction, rather than solely exceptional business models, to unearth breakout companies. This approach prioritizes identifying future market leaders by looking beyond prevailing market research and understanding how technology will reshape market definitions, leading to investments in companies like Figma by recognizing that all front-end engineers, not just designers, will engage with design tools.
The core of successful growth investing lies in underwriting upside through a refined understanding of TAM and a conviction-driven investment process. While strong business models are foundational, they do not typically drive outsized returns. Instead, identifying a "pull" product, where the market actively seeks the solution, is critical. This is often observed in market structures that resemble "Glengarry Glen Ross," where a clear leader captures the vast majority of market capitalization. This non-consensus TAM view allows for more flexibility in valuation, as the focus shifts from precise entry multiples to the long-term potential for exponential growth over five to seven years. This long-term perspective is crucial for navigating higher entry prices and increasing competition from crossover funds and SPVs, which necessitate a faster, more focused diligence process.
The firm's investment decision-making, while involving robust partnership discussions, ultimately rests with a single "trigger puller" GP, fostering a high degree of conviction. This model, distinct from committee-based decisions, encourages intellectually honest conversations by prioritizing personal conviction building over consensus-seeking. This framework, coupled with the firm's ability to offer more than just capital--leveraging the experience of its founders and early-stage GPs--positions Andreessen Horowitz to partner with companies building enduring market leadership. The ultimate driver for investors like David George is not money, but the opportunity to learn, work with exceptional founders, and generate significant returns for limited partners, fueled by a deep competitiveness and a fear of failure that translates into diligent, hard work.
Action Items
- Audit investment criteria: Define 3-5 core non-consensus TAM theories and 2-3 business model indicators for breakout growth potential.
- Measure TAM disconnect: For 3-5 companies, calculate the correlation between historical market definitions and future growth projections.
- Track "pull vs. push" product dynamics: For 2-3 portfolio companies, assess the ratio of organic market demand to sales-driven push efforts over 6-12 months.
- Analyze decision conviction: For 3-5 past investment decisions, document the feedback received and the rationale for proceeding despite constructive or negative input.
- Evaluate long-term valuation tolerance: For 2-3 past "painful" turn-downs, re-evaluate the initial price sensitivity against a 5-7 year investment horizon.
Key Quotes
"one of the foundational frameworks that i developed coming out of it was what makes a breakout or successful growth investment or sort of pattern recognition of what i look for in almost all cases for me that has come down to you know a great founder and then a theory on busting through consensus view on total addressable market or tam the consequence of that is a company that grows faster you know faster and or longer than expected"
David George explains that his foundational framework for identifying successful growth investments centers on two key elements: a strong founder and a contrarian view on the total addressable market (TAM). George argues that this combination leads to companies that exceed expectations in their growth trajectory, both in speed and duration.
"one of the counterintuitive observation from my time at ga and my pattern recognition coming out of it is exceptional business models are are just table stakes in growth investing they're not actually in my experience what gives you edge in making great growth investments so you know we don't take risk on investing in anything but high quality business models but in my opinion this is not where you generate outsized returns you can make mistakes here but it rarely surprises to the upside"
George presents a counterintuitive observation from his experience: while exceptional business models are a prerequisite for growth investing, they do not provide a competitive edge for generating outsized returns. He believes that high-quality business models are essential but do not typically lead to unexpected upside, suggesting that true edge comes from other factors.
"the benefit of a single trigger puller model as opposed to committee decision making is it's the ultimate measure of conviction so if that individual has conviction and gets feedback from the partnership and maybe the feedback is constructive or negative and still wants to make the investment that's conviction"
David George highlights the advantage of a "single trigger puller" decision-making model over a committee-based approach. George explains that this model serves as the ultimate test of conviction, as an individual investor must proceed with an investment even after receiving potentially negative feedback, demonstrating a strong belief in the opportunity.
"we look for what we call glengarry glen ross market structures so you know the famous movie this is like independent valuation so what that means is there's a scenario uh have you seen the movie i haven't so explain it for me okay all right it's sort of like a boiler room sales old school movie so there's a scene where alec baldwin is presenting to his team their monthly sales competition it's his famous line where he says okay here's the prizes first place gets a cadillac second place gets a set of steak knives and third place gets fired and we actually think most many or most tech markets play out in a market cap in a similar way where the leader captures the vast majority of the market cap creation"
George describes a market structure framework he calls "Glengarry Glen Ross market structures," referencing a scene from the movie where sales competition prizes are awarded. George applies this to tech markets, suggesting that similar to the movie's scenario, the market leader captures the vast majority of market capitalization, making it challenging for others.
"i have to ask man we mentioned the price changes and the increasing price that we've seen over the last especially a year but last few years you know we've seen p hedge funds crossover funds i mean everyone and their mother investing in late stage and pre ipo i've got to ask man when you look at it how do you think about this massive proliferation of capital at the late stage especially with players who seem to be playing a different game in terms of return expectations willingness to pay two x what we pay how do you think about this new landscape and how you win in it"
Harry Stebbings questions David George about the significant increase in capital flowing into late-stage and pre-IPO investments, noting that new players seem to have different return expectations and are willing to pay higher prices. Stebbings asks George how he navigates this landscape and maintains a winning strategy amidst this proliferation of capital.
"what drives you today and how do you think about your relationship with money on a plane last night i was texting with ali about something similar it's not money is not what drives me i love learning new things every day i get the chance to work with the best founders in the world building awesome companies just like you you know i love my job i work all the time i do have a deep fear personally and paranoia of failure and i'm extremely competitive so returns and generating returns are one element of the scoreboard for me like and i love that competition and i want to be the best"
David George states that money is not his primary motivator, but rather a love for learning, working with exceptional founders, and a deep-seated fear of failure coupled with extreme competitiveness. George views generating strong returns as a measure of success in this competitive environment, indicating a drive to perform at the highest level.
Resources
External Resources
Books
- "Increasing Returns and the Two Faces of Competition" by Brian Arthur - Mentioned as a crucial business book for the venture capital industry.
- "Seven Powers" by Hamilton Helmer - Mentioned as an amazing book for venture capital strategy.
- "Glengarry Glen Ross" - Mentioned as a movie that illustrates a market structure where the leader captures the vast majority of market cap creation.
Articles & Papers
- "When Entry Multiples Don't Matter" - Mentioned as a piece written by David George.
People
- David George - General Partner at Andreessen Horowitz, leading their growth investing practice.
- Harry Stebbings - Host of the 20VC podcast.
- Alex Rampell - Mentioned as someone David George knew from overlapping investments, particularly regarding OpenDoor.
- Mark - Co-founder of Andreessen Horowitz, mentioned in relation to the firm's structure and company building.
- Ben - Co-founder of Andreessen Horowitz, mentioned in relation to the firm's structure and company building.
- Paul Einright - Mentioned for coining the term "generalized specialist."
- Ariel - Mentioned as someone from TripActions who provided question suggestions.
- Ali - Mentioned as someone from Databricks who provided question suggestions and as someone David George texted with about money.
- Angela Stranger - Mentioned as someone on David George's team who provided question suggestions.
- Leila - Mentioned as a guest on the show who discussed price changes in venture capital.
- Alec Baldwin - Mentioned as an actor in the movie "Glengarry Glen Ross."
Organizations & Institutions
- Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) - Venture capital firm where David George leads the growth investing practice.
- General Atlantic (GA) - Firm where David George previously worked in growth investing.
- Notre Dame - University David George attended.
- Clubhouse - Company David George has invested in.
- Coinbase - Company David George has invested in multiple times.
- Databricks - Company David George has invested in multiple times.
- Figma - Company David George has invested in.
- Instacart - Company David George has invested in.
- Robinhood - Company David George has invested in.
- Tripactions - Company David George has invested in multiple times.
- Current - Company David George sits on the board of.
- Greenlight - Company David George sits on the board of.
- Workrise - Company David George sits on the board of.
- Airbnb - Company David George invested in at General Atlantic.
- Crowdstrike - Company David George invested in at General Atlantic.
- Opendoor - Company David George invested in at General Atlantic.
- Slack - Company David George invested in at General Atlantic.
- Uber - Company David George invested in at General Atlantic.
- Benavidity - Company David George invested in at General Atlantic.
- Sysmic - Company David George invested in at General Atlantic.
- Roblox - Company David George has invested in multiple times.
- Ad Dynamics - Company mentioned in relation to market research and TAM.
- Doordash - Company used as an example for business models and unit economics.
- Solana - Company mentioned in relation to market position and capital deployment.
- Stripe - Company David George has invested in multiple times.
- Capital G - Mentioned in relation to price increases in late-stage investing.
- Google - Company mentioned as an example of network effects in consumer markets.
- Facebook - Company mentioned as an example of network effects in consumer markets.
- Salesforce - Company mentioned as an example of market cap capture in B2B.
- Workday - Company mentioned as an example of market cap capture in B2B.
- ServiceNow - Company mentioned as an example of market cap capture in B2B.
- Qualtrics - Company David George turned down based on price.
- Lum - Company David George's most recent publicly announced investment.
Tools & Software
- PFF (Pro Football Focus) - Mentioned as a data source for player grading.
Websites & Online Resources
- 20VC - Podcast hosted by Harry Stebbings.
- a16z.com - Website for Andreessen Horowitz.
- a16z substack.com - Substack for Andreessen Horowitz.
Other Resources
- Growth Investing - Core investment strategy discussed.
- Total Addressable Market (TAM) - Framework discussed for market sizing.
- Unit Economics - Key metric discussed for evaluating business performance.
- Non-consensus Views - Strategy for gaining an edge in investing.
- Pull Companies vs. Push Companies - Framework for categorizing companies based on market demand.
- Single Trigger Puller Model - Decision-making process at Andreessen Horowitz.
- Committee Decision Making - Alternative decision-making process contrasted with the single trigger model.
- SPACs (Special Purpose Acquisition Companies) - Financial vehicle discussed for liquidity and going public.
- Crossover Investors - Type of investor mentioned in the context of late-stage investing.
- Glengarry Glen Ross Market Structures - Framework for understanding market dynamics where leaders capture most value.
- Asynchronous Video - Product category of the company Lum.