College Sports at Inflection Point: Revenue, Risk, and Resilience - Episode Hero Image

College Sports at Inflection Point: Revenue, Risk, and Resilience

Original Title:

TL;DR

  • The Pac-12's survival and rebuilding efforts, despite significant disruption, demonstrate a unique resilience in modern college athletics, fostering optimism for creative revenue generation and media rights strategies.
  • The formalization of collegiate General Manager roles signifies a necessary evolution in athletic departments, enabling creative revenue generation and strategic recruitment by integrating diverse expertise.
  • The increasing financial pressures on athletic departments, exacerbated by recent settlements and revenue shifts, create a significant risk of jeopardizing Olympic and women's sports programs due to Title IX compliance challenges.
  • Selling ad units for women's sports at parity with men's games on ESPN neutralizes previous revenue-negative decisions, facilitating increased exposure and growth for women's athletics.
  • The potential for litigation surrounding revenue distribution and Title IX compliance is a near certainty, indicating future legal challenges to the evolving financial structures in college sports.
  • The creation of for-profit commercial entities by conferences, such as the Big Ten's proposed enterprise, offers an opportunity for enhanced revenue generation independent of institutional investors.
  • The professionalization of college sports costs, particularly for athletes and coaches, contrasts sharply with a disjointed revenue generation model, necessitating new approaches like pooling media rights.

Deep Dive

The Intercollegiate Athletics Forum highlighted the seismic shifts transforming college sports, driven by new revenue models and the increasing professionalization of athletic departments. While these changes present opportunities for creative revenue generation and structural adaptation, they also create significant tensions around the sustainability of non-revenue-generating sports and the potential for litigation. The overarching theme is that college athletics is at a critical inflection point, requiring time and careful consideration to navigate its complex and evolving landscape.

Discussions at the forum underscored the profound impact of private equity and new commercial entities on collegiate athletics, exemplified by the University of Utah's move to accept private equity funding. This trend, as noted by Ross Bjork from Ohio State, suggests that conferences should proactively explore creating for-profit commercial arms to drive revenue, independent of institutional investors. However, this shift raises structural questions, such as the potential risk to a university's non-profit status depending on deal structuring. Concurrently, the emergence and formalization of collegiate General Manager (GM) roles, spanning football and basketball, signal a broader trend towards building dedicated front-office structures. These GMs, with diverse backgrounds, are crucial for creative revenue generation, recruitment, and navigating athlete agent relationships, indicating a necessary adaptation to the sport's increasing complexity.

The forum also spotlighted the precarious future of Olympic and women's sports amidst the financial pressures of major revenue sports like football and men's basketball. With a significant portion of revenue likely to be funneled into these primary sports, athletic directors face difficult decisions, particularly concerning Title IX compliance and gender equity. While creative revenue-generating ideas, such as women's sports sponsorships and a federal tax on sports gambling to support Olympic movements, were discussed, the potential for litigation over revenue distribution and Title IX compliance remains a significant and anticipated challenge. A positive development noted was ESPN's move to sell ad units within women's games at the same rate as men's games, making it more financially viable to promote women's sports in prime time and contributing to their growth.

Ultimately, the discussions emphasized that the rapid pace of change--including the impacts of COVID-19, social unrest, NIL, the House settlement, and sports betting--has created a structurally "messy" environment. Despite increased revenues and viewership, the industry requires time to digest these transformations. Leaders like Cody Campbell of Texas Tech advocate for initiatives like the Sports Broadcasting Act to pool media rights for greater revenue, though consensus remains elusive. The prevailing sentiment, echoed by UCLA's Martin Jarmon and ACC Commissioner Jim Phillips, is that while transformative change is underway, patience and grace are needed to develop comprehensive solutions. The forum's discussions suggest that navigating these complex challenges, particularly ensuring the viability of all sports and managing financial pressures, will be a defining characteristic of college athletics for years to come.

Action Items

  • Audit athletic department structures: Identify 3-5 roles (e.g., GM, revenue generation) that vary significantly in responsibility and background to standardize best practices.
  • Track revenue-sharing impact: For 5-10 FBS schools, calculate the correlation between increased revenue-sharing distribution and Olympic/women's sports program cuts.
  • Draft litigation risk assessment: Outline potential Title IX and revenue distribution lawsuits for 3-5 athletic departments to proactively address compliance.
  • Measure women's sports ad revenue: For 2-3 major sports networks, quantify the revenue difference between men's and women's game ad units at equal rates.
  • Analyze media rights pooling: For 3-5 conferences, model the potential revenue generation from pooling media rights versus current individual agreements.

Key Quotes

"you know one thing that really stood out and and i really enjoyed today was was the pac 12 panel i moderated a little bit earlier in the day really interesting to just talk through with that group kind of the process of what they've gone through the pac 12 you know was really kind of left for dead uh with washington state and oregon state and certainly i think that we can all agree that the pac 12 is you know not what it was quite but i do think that the fact that this group held together was able to rebuild an entire conference in the middle of a really crazy and uh certainly chaotic landscape uh speaks volumes to the people involved and really shows something that i think we haven't seen in modern college athletics it's truly a one of one situation"

Ben Portnoy highlights the resilience of the Pac-12 conference leadership. Portnoy explains that despite the conference being on the brink of collapse, the individuals involved managed to rebuild it. This accomplishment, Portnoy notes, is a rare and significant achievement in the current landscape of college athletics.


"you know when asked about the big ten and and they're coming close to doing a uh a deal with the pension fund uh for the conference saying that you know big ten enterprises that for profit uh commercial entity that they were going to create they should do that anyway you know that you don't needed to have an institutional investor to back it that is sort of an opportunity to create more revenue drive uh further commercial activity for the conference as a whole and that you can do that with or without private equity right"

Chris Smith relays Ross Bjork's perspective on the Big Ten's potential for-profit commercial entity. Smith explains that Bjork believes the conference should pursue this entity regardless of whether it involves an institutional investor. Bjork suggests this approach offers an opportunity to generate more revenue and drive commercial activity for the conference.


"i frankly went into that i don't know very little right about how those roles operate and so getting to pick their brains about how they think about creative revenue generation the role they play in recruitment the conversations they're having with athlete agents i thought really pulled the curtain back a little bit on how the gm role is starting to formalize and the different sorts of backgrounds i can take on that uh function within the athletic department"

Chris Smith discusses his fascination with the emerging collegiate General Manager (GM) roles. Smith explains that his initial understanding of these roles was limited, but speaking with individuals in these positions provided insight into their strategies for revenue generation, recruitment, and athlete agent interactions. Smith concludes that these conversations revealed the formalization and diverse backgrounds associated with the GM function in athletic departments.


"he listed all the things that have happened in college sports over the last five years covid social unrest nil house settlement and sports betting and so on and then said revenues up attendance is up viewership is up but structurally we are messy right now and you know general managers that new position is something that's being created to help with that structure and providing some some order um but there's a long way to go"

Rachel Axon shares Russ Bjork's assessment of the current state of college sports. Axon explains that Bjork points to numerous disruptive events in recent years, such as COVID-19, NIL, and legal settlements, which have led to increased revenues but structural disarray. Axon notes Bjork's view that the new GM position is intended to address this structural messiness and bring order, though significant challenges remain.


"you know i think it was an interesting discussion to sort of level set the stakes there you know bob bowls b fron the night commission jessica mendoza um obviously stand up athlete now with uh you know olympic medals now with the spn you know making the point most schools today you know pre house had compliance issues had not reached gender equity in the 53 years since title nine was passed and now you're you're looking at a system that's going to funnel 80 90 of that that red share money um into primarily one you know football or or one or two and in men's basketball sports and so how do you uh make decisions right how can these athletic directors be incentivized when it's you know i need a few more million dollars that it's not to cut this women's program"

The speaker highlights the challenges of maintaining gender equity in college sports amidst shifting revenue models. The speaker explains that even before recent financial changes, many schools struggled with Title IX compliance. Now, with a significant portion of revenue likely directed towards football and men's basketball, athletic directors face pressure that may disincentivize supporting women's programs.


"but i think the only sure thing i would say i would go to gabe feldman from tulane there will be litigation you know we're already seeing some litigation around just title nine general issues that are there maybe not yet seen uh a lawsuit challenging the the revenue distribution under the red share um and nobody thinks that's anything but coming you know it's just a matter of time and uh will be there at some point sure"

The speaker relays Gabe Feldman's prediction regarding future legal challenges in college sports. Feldman suggests that litigation is inevitable, citing ongoing issues with Title IX compliance. The speaker notes that while lawsuits specifically challenging revenue distribution under revenue sharing agreements have not yet emerged, Feldman believes they are only a matter of time.

Resources

External Resources

Books

  • "House Settlement" - Mentioned as a factor leading to revenue sharing and compounding financial deficits in FBS schools.

Articles & Papers

  • "Sports Broadcasting Act" - Mentioned as an idea for pooling media rights to generate more revenue.

People

  • Joe Lemire - Host of SBJ Morning Buzzcast.
  • Ben Portnoy - Colleague of Joe Lemire, discussed insights from the Intercollegiate Athletics Forum.
  • Chris Smith - Colleague of Joe Lemire, discussed insights from the Intercollegiate Athletics Forum.
  • Rachel Axon - Colleague of Joe Lemire, discussed insights from the Intercollegiate Athletics Forum.
  • Ross Bjork - From Ohio State, discussed private equity and the Big Ten's commercial entity.
  • Frank Asaro - From Davis Polk, discussed structural challenges related to private equity deals.
  • Ron Rivera - General Manager at Cal, discussed the creation and role of collegiate GM positions.
  • Rachel Baker - General Manager for men's basketball at Duke, discussed the creation and role of collegiate GM positions.
  • Bob Bowlsby - From the Night Commission, discussed Title IX and gender equity in collegiate sports.
  • Jessica Mendoza - Standout athlete and commentator, discussed Title IX and gender equity in collegiate sports.
  • Martin Jarmon - From UCLA, discussed hard decisions regarding Olympic sports and maintaining competitiveness in football.
  • Gabe Feldman - From Tulane, discussed the inevitability of litigation in collegiate sports.
  • Nick Dawson - Senior Vice President at ESPN, discussed selling ad units within women's games at the same rate as men's games.
  • Cody Campbell - Chair of the Regents at Texas Tech, discussed ideas for saving college sports and the Sports Broadcasting Act.
  • Charlie Baker - President of the NCAA, expressed caution about opening up new initiatives without knowing the results.
  • Jim Phillips - ACC Commissioner, discussed the need for grace and patience during transformative change in college sports.

Organizations & Institutions

  • SBJ (Sports Business Journal) - Publisher of the SBJ Morning Buzzcast.
  • Learfield - Presented the Intercollegiate Athletics Forum.
  • University of Utah - First school to take private equity money.
  • University of Michigan - Fired its football coach for cause.
  • Pac-12 - Conference that was rebuilt and discussed in relation to media rights negotiations and revenue generation.
  • Washington State - Mentioned in the context of the Pac-12's rebuilding.
  • Oregon State - Mentioned in the context of the Pac-12's rebuilding and the rewarding nature of the experience for its president.
  • Ohio State - Mentioned in relation to Ross Bjork's comments on private equity and the Big Ten.
  • Big Ten - Conference discussed in relation to its commercial entity and potential deal with a pension fund.
  • Davis Polk - Firm mentioned in relation to Frank Asaro's discussion of structural challenges.
  • Cal (University of California, Berkeley) - Mentioned in relation to Ron Rivera's GM role.
  • Duke University - Mentioned in relation to Rachel Baker's GM role.
  • NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) - Mentioned in relation to President Charlie Baker's comments.
  • UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) - Mentioned in relation to Martin Jarmon's discussion of Olympic sports and football competitiveness.
  • Tulane University - Mentioned in relation to Gabe Feldman's comments on litigation.
  • ESPN - Discussed in relation to selling ad units within women's games.
  • Texas Tech University - Mentioned in relation to Cody Campbell's role as Chair of the Regents.
  • ACC (Atlantic Coast Conference) - Mentioned in relation to Commissioner Jim Phillips' comments.

Websites & Online Resources

  • supermotocross.com - Website to learn more about the Monster Energy SMX World Championship.

Other Resources

  • Monster Energy SMX World Championship - Showcases elite off-road motorcycle racers.
  • Intercollegiate Athletics Forum - Event where key themes from day two were discussed.
  • Private Equity - Panel discussion topic at the Intercollegiate Athletics Forum.
  • College Sports GM Roles - Discussed as a formalizing function within athletic departments.
  • Title IX - Federal obligation related to gender equity in collegiate sports.
  • Olympic Sports - Discussed in the context of balancing revenue demands and maintaining these programs.
  • Women's Sports - Discussed in relation to revenue generation, media exposure, and Title IX.
  • Sports Betting - Mentioned as one of the seismic changes in college sports.
  • House Settlement - Mentioned as a factor leading to revenue sharing and compounding financial deficits in FBS schools.
  • Red Share Money - Revenue distribution discussed in relation to its potential impact on sports programs.
  • Federal Tax on Sports Gambling - Proposed idea to support the Olympic movement.
  • NIL (Name, Image, and Likeness) - Mentioned as one of the seismic changes in college sports.
  • Revenue Generation - A recurring theme throughout the Intercollegiate Athletics Forum.
  • Media Rights Negotiations - Discussed in relation to the Pac-12's rebuilding efforts.

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